Case Study Catch Up

Animation of completed case study game

At the end of the arrays section, the case study should resemble this example solution:

namespace SpriteKind {
    export const Asteroid = SpriteKind.create();
    export const PowerUp = SpriteKind.create();
    export const Laser = SpriteKind.create();
    export const EnemyLaser = SpriteKind.create();
}

enum PowerUpType {
    Health,
    Score,
    EnergyUp,
    RechargeRateUp
}

/**
 * Contains the images used in the game
 */
namespace spritesheet {
    export let player: Image = img`
        . . . . 8 . . . .
        . . . 8 8 8 . . .
        . . . 8 1 8 . . .
        . . 2 8 1 8 2 . .
        . 2 2 8 8 8 2 2 .
        2 2 2 8 8 8 2 2 2
        . . . 5 . 5 . . .
    `;

    export let enemy: Image = img`
        5 5 . . . . 5 5
        7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
        . 9 9 7 7 9 9 .
        . 7 7 7 7 7 7 .
        . . . 9 9 . . .
    `;

    export let asteroids: Image[] = [
        sprites.space.spaceAsteroid0,
        sprites.space.spaceAsteroid1,
        sprites.space.spaceAsteroid2,
        sprites.space.spaceAsteroid3,
        sprites.space.spaceAsteroid4
    ];

    export let powerUps: Image[] = [];

    powerUps[PowerUpType.Health] = img`
        . . . 1 1 1 1 1 . . .
        . . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . .
        . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 .
        1 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 1
        1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 1 1
        1 1 f 2 2 2 3 2 2 1 1
        1 1 f 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1
        1 1 1 f 2 2 2 2 1 1 1
        . 1 1 1 f 2 2 1 1 1 .
        . . 1 1 1 f 1 1 1 . .
        . . . 1 1 1 1 1 . . .
    `;

    powerUps[PowerUpType.Score] = img`
        . . . 5 5 5 5 5 . . .
        . . 5 5 5 f 5 5 5 . .
        . 5 5 5 f f f 5 5 5 .
        5 5 5 f 5 f 5 f 5 5 5
        5 5 5 5 f 5 5 5 5 5 5
        5 5 5 5 5 f 5 5 5 5 5
        5 5 5 5 5 5 f 5 5 5 5
        5 5 5 f 5 f 5 f 5 5 5
        . 5 5 5 f f f 5 5 5 .
        . . 5 5 5 f 5 5 5 . .
        . . . 5 5 5 5 5 . . .
    `;

    powerUps[PowerUpType.EnergyUp] = img`
        . . . 8 8 8 8 8 . . .
        . . 8 8 8 f 8 8 8 . .
        . 8 8 f f f f f 8 8 .
        8 8 8 f 8 d 8 f 8 8 8
        8 8 8 f d d d f 8 8 8
        8 8 8 f 8 d 8 f 8 8 8
        8 8 8 f 8 8 8 f 8 8 8
        8 8 8 f d d d f 8 8 8
        . 8 8 f 8 8 8 f 8 8 .
        . . 8 f f f f f 8 . .
        . . . 8 8 8 8 8 . . .
    `;

    powerUps[PowerUpType.RechargeRateUp] = img`
        . . . e e e e e . . .
        . . e e e 5 4 e e . .
        . e e e 5 5 e e e e .
        e e e 5 5 4 4 4 e e e
        e e 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 e
        e e e e e 5 5 5 4 e e
        e e e e 5 5 5 4 e e e
        e e e 5 5 5 4 e e e e
        . e e 5 5 4 e e e e .
        . . e e 5 4 e e e . .
        . . . e e e e e . . .
    `;

    export let laser: Image = img`
        4
        4
    `;
}

/**
 * Creates and controls the asteroids within the game
 */
namespace asteroids {
    sprites.onCreated(SpriteKind.Asteroid, function (sprite: Sprite) {
        sprite.setFlag(SpriteFlag.AutoDestroy, true);
        setPosition(sprite, 10);
        setMotion(sprite);
    });

    game.onUpdateInterval(1500, function () {
        sprites.create(Math.pickRandom(spritesheet.asteroids), SpriteKind.Asteroid);
    });

    /**
     * Set the initial velocities for the given sprite
     * @param asteroid the asteroid to set the initial velocities of
     */
    function setMotion(asteroid: Sprite) {
        asteroid.vx = randint(-8, 8);
        asteroid.vy = randint(35, 20);
    }

    /**
     * Place the given sprite at a random location at the top of the screen
     * @param sprite the sprite to place at the top of the screen
     * @param edge how many pixels between either edge of the screen to set
     */
    function setPosition(sprite: Sprite, edge: number) {
        sprite.x = randint(edge, screen.width - edge);
        sprite.y = 0;
    }
}

/**
 * Creates and controls the player's ship
 */
namespace ship {
    export let player: Sprite = initialize();
    export let maxCharge = 3;
    export let currentCharge = maxCharge;
    export let rechargeDelay = 750;
    let lastRecharge = 0;

    /**
     * @returns a player sprite that moves with the directional buttons
     */
    function initialize(): Sprite {
        let sprite = sprites.create(spritesheet.player, SpriteKind.Player)
        controller.moveSprite(sprite, 80, 30);
        controller.A.repeatInterval = 400;
        sprite.x = screen.width / 2;
        sprite.y = screen.height - 20;
        sprite.setStayInScreen(true);
        return sprite;
    }

    // When the player presses A, fire a laser from the spaceship
    controller.A.onEvent(ControllerButtonEvent.Pressed, function () {
        fireLaser();
    });

    // When the player holds A, also fire the laser
    controller.A.onEvent(ControllerButtonEvent.Repeated, function () {
        fireLaser();
    });

    /**
     * Fires a laser from the player's ship if they have the energy to do so
     */
    function fireLaser() {
        if (currentCharge > 0) {
            currentCharge--;
            sprites.createProjectile(spritesheet.laser, 0, -40, SpriteKind.Laser, player);
        }
    }

    game.onUpdate(function () {
        let currentTime = game.runtime();
        if (currentTime - lastRecharge >= rechargeDelay) {
            lastRecharge = currentTime;
            if (currentCharge < maxCharge) {
                currentCharge++;
            }
        }
    });
}

/**
 * Creates and controls the enemies in the game
 */
namespace enemy {
    /**
     * @returns an enemy sprite that is positioned at the top of the screen
     */
    function createEnemy(): Sprite {
        let enemy = sprites.create(spritesheet.enemy, SpriteKind.Enemy);
        setPosition(enemy, 10);
        enemy.vy = 10;
        return enemy;
    }

    /**
     * Place the given sprite at a random location at the top of the screen
     * @param sprite the sprite to place at the top of the screen
     * @param edge how many pixels between either edge of the screen to set
     */
    function setPosition(sprite: Sprite, edge: number) {
        sprite.x = randint(edge, screen.width - edge);
        sprite.y = 0;
    }

    game.onUpdateInterval(200, function () {
        if (Math.percentChance(5)) {
            createEnemy();
        }

        let allEnemies = sprites.allOfKind(SpriteKind.Enemy);
        for (let i = 0; i < allEnemies.length; i++) {
            // Create a laser 4% of the time
            if (Math.percentChance(4)) {
                sprites.createProjectile(img`3`, 0, 70, SpriteKind.EnemyLaser, allEnemies[i]);
            }

            // follow the player
            if (allEnemies[i].x < ship.player.x) {
                allEnemies[i].vx = 15;
            } else {
                allEnemies[i].vx = -15;
            }
        }
    });
}

/**
 * Generates powerups for the player to collect
 */
namespace powerups {
    let availablePowerUps = [
        PowerUpType.Health,
        PowerUpType.Score,
        PowerUpType.EnergyUp,
        PowerUpType.RechargeRateUp
    ];

    export let responses: string[] = [];
    responses[PowerUpType.Health] = "Got health!";
    responses[PowerUpType.Score] = "Score!";
    responses[PowerUpType.EnergyUp] = "More Energy!";
    responses[PowerUpType.RechargeRateUp] = "Faster Charge!";

    sprites.onCreated(SpriteKind.PowerUp, function (sprite: Sprite) {
        let typeOfPowerUp = Math.pickRandom(availablePowerUps);
        sprite.data = typeOfPowerUp;
        sprite.setImage(spritesheet.powerUps[typeOfPowerUp]);
        sprite.setFlag(SpriteFlag.AutoDestroy, true);
        setPosition(sprite, 10);
        setMotion(sprite);
    });

    /**
     * Place the given sprite at a random location at the top of the screen
     * @param sprite the sprite to place at the top of the screen
     * @param edge how many pixels between either edge of the screen to set
     */
    function setPosition(sprite: Sprite, edge: number) {
        sprite.x = randint(edge, screen.width - edge);
        sprite.y = 0;
    }

    /**
     * Set the initial velocities for the given sprite
     * @param powerUp the powerUp to set the initial velocities of
     */
    function setMotion(powerUp: Sprite) {
        powerUp.vy = 60;
    }

    /**
     * @param powerUp sprite to get type of
     * @returns the type of the given powerUp
     */
    export function getType(powerUp: Sprite): PowerUpType {
        return powerUp.data;
    }

    game.onUpdateInterval(600, function () {
        if (Math.percentChance(50)) {
            let currentPowerUps = sprites.allOfKind(SpriteKind.PowerUp);
            if (currentPowerUps.length < 2) {
                sprites.create(img`1`, SpriteKind.PowerUp);
            }
        }
    });
}

/**
 * Handle overlaps between different sprites
 */
namespace overlapevents {
    // When the player hits an asteroid, damage the player and destroy the asteroid
    sprites.onOverlap(SpriteKind.Player, SpriteKind.Asteroid, function (sprite: Sprite, otherSprite: Sprite) {
        info.changeLifeBy(-1);
        otherSprite.destroy();
    });

    // When the player hits an enemy, damage the player and destroy the enemy
    sprites.onOverlap(SpriteKind.Player, SpriteKind.Enemy, function (sprite: Sprite, otherSprite: Sprite) {
        info.changeLifeBy(-1);
        otherSprite.destroy();
    });

    // When a laser hits an asteroid, destroy both sprites
    sprites.onOverlap(SpriteKind.Laser, SpriteKind.Asteroid, function (sprite: Sprite, otherSprite: Sprite) {
        info.changeScoreBy(1);
        otherSprite.destroy(effects.fire, 200);
        sprite.destroy();
    });

    // When a laser hits an enemy, destroy both sprites
    sprites.onOverlap(SpriteKind.Laser, SpriteKind.Enemy, function (sprite: Sprite, otherSprite: Sprite) {
        info.changeScoreBy(1);
        otherSprite.destroy(effects.bubbles);
        sprite.destroy();
    });

    // When an  enemy laser hits the player, destroy the laser, say "ow!", and lose life
    sprites.onOverlap(SpriteKind.Player, SpriteKind.EnemyLaser, function (sprite: Sprite, otherSprite: Sprite) {
        info.changeLifeBy(-1);
        otherSprite.destroy();
        sprite.say("ow!", 500);
    });

    // When a player hits a powerup, apply the bonus for that powerup
    sprites.onOverlap(SpriteKind.Player, SpriteKind.PowerUp, function (sprite: Sprite, otherSprite: Sprite) {
        let powerUp: number = powerups.getType(otherSprite);
        otherSprite.destroy();
        sprite.say(powerups.responses[powerUp], 500);
        if (powerUp == PowerUpType.Health) {
            info.changeLifeBy(1);
        } else if (powerUp == PowerUpType.Score) {
            info.changeScoreBy(15);
        } else if (powerUp == PowerUpType.EnergyUp) {
            ship.maxCharge++;
        } else if (powerUp == PowerUpType.RechargeRateUp) {
            ship.rechargeDelay -= 20;
        }
    });
}

/**
 * Set up the state of the game
 */
namespace status {
    initialize(4, 0);
    effects.starField.startScreenEffect();

    /**
     * Sets up the initial state of the game
     * @param life the initial life to set
     * @param score the initial score to set
     */
    function initialize(life: number, score: number) {
        info.setLife(life);
        info.setScore(score);
    }

    info.onLifeZero(function () {
        let playerContinue = game.ask("Continue?", "Cost: 50 points");
        if (playerContinue) {
            info.setLife(3);
            info.changeScoreBy(-50);
        } else {
            game.over();
        }
    });

    game.onPaint(function () {
        let x = 1;
        let y = screen.height - image.font5.charHeight - 1;
        let color = 0x3;

        if (ship.currentCharge == ship.maxCharge) {
            color = 0x7;
        } else if (ship.currentCharge == 0) {
            color = 0x2;
        }

        let energyState = "energy: " + ship.currentCharge + "/" + ship.maxCharge;
        screen.print(energyState, x, y, color, image.font5);
    });
}